As the rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) continues apace, much of the focus has been on the expansion of super-fast DC charging infrastructure. However, despite this emphasis, AC EV Chargers remain in frequent use. So, what are the inherent advantages of AC EV Charger?
1. Lower Equipment Costs
DC chargers are complex, incorporating charging modules, power supply units, communication modules, circuit breakers, and other critical components. This complexity not only results in greater size and weight but also elevates the overall cost of production. In contrast, AC chargers are far simpler in design, typically comprising just a mainboard, LED display, and a few basic components. This simplicity translates into lower manufacturing and material costs. From a logistical perspective, more AC chargers can be transported per container, effectively reducing shipping costs.
2. Reduced Load on the Power Grid
AC EV Chargers typically operate on 220V or 380V low-voltage power, with charging capacities ranging from 7kW to 22kW. This relatively modest power demand means they exert minimal instantaneous load on the grid. Consequently, the impact on grid stability is limited, reducing the likelihood of voltage fluctuations or overloads when multiple chargers are in use simultaneously. The extended charging time associated with AC chargers makes them ideal for use during off-peak hours, particularly at night. By leveraging these low-demand periods, users not only reduce their charging costs but also help the grid absorb excess power generation, particularly in regions where energy systems are less stable and unable to support widespread deployment of high-power DC charging stations. In such cases, lower-power AC chargers represent a more viable alternative.
3. Ease of Maintenance
The simpler architecture of AC chargers facilitates easier maintenance. Technicians can typically diagnose issues using standard electrical testing methods, significantly reducing repair time. Common faults, such as damaged cables, worn connectors, or control system failures, can be rectified by replacing standardised components that are readily available.
4. Less Impact on Battery Life
The battery pack is a critical component of an electric vehicle, and its longevity is paramount. While achieving extended driving range often necessitates deep discharge cycles, this can degrade the battery over time. AC EV Chargers, however, charge at lower currents over longer periods, imposing less stress on the battery. This gentler charging process helps maintain battery health, ensuring it remains operational over a longer lifecycle and minimising the detrimental effects of charging on battery longevity.
5. Enhanced Safety
AC EV Chargers operate at voltages typically between 220V and 380V, considerably lower than the 400V to 800V or higher used by DC fast chargers. This lower voltage presents a significant safety advantage. In the event of an electrical fault, the risk of electric shock from contact with live components is reduced, and any resulting injuries are likely to be less severe. The lower operating voltage diminishes the likelihood of dangerous current passing through the human body, a critical consideration for charging infrastructure in residential areas or public spaces.
6. Current Applications
The largest market for AC chargers is in residential use. While the charging process can take up to 10 hours, most EV owners typically have their vehicles parked at home overnight, allowing ample time for a full charge.
AC EV Chargers also find applications in commercial settings. Given the extended charging duration, commercial AC chargers are predominantly installed in locations where vehicle owners are likely to stay for longer periods, such as shopping centres, car parks, and office buildings.
